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CSS David
CSS ''David'' was a Civil War-era torpedo boat. On October 5, 1863, she undertook a partially successful attack on the USS ''New Ironsides'', then participating in the blockade of Charleston, South Carolina.
==Construction==
Based upon a design by St. Julien Ravenel, the ''David'' was built as a private venture by T. Stoney at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1863, and was put under the control of the Confederate States Navy. Eventually over twenty torpedo boats of the ''David'' type were built for and operated by the CSN. The cigar-shaped boat carried a 32 by 10 inch (81 × 25 cm) explosive charge of 134 pounds (about 60 kilograms) gunpowder on the end of a spar projecting forward from her bow. CSS ''David'' operated as a semi-submersible: water was taken into ballast tanks so that only the length of the open-top conning tower and the stack for the boiler appeared above water.〔Tony Gibbons, "Warships and Navy Battles of the Civil War", Gallery Books, W.H. Smith Publishers, 1989. ISBN 0-8317-9301-5.〕 Designed to operate very low in the water, ''David'' resembled in general a submersible submarine; she was, however, strictly a surface vessel. Operating on dark nights, and using anthracite coal (which burns without smoke), ''David'' was nearly as hard to see as a true submarine.
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